K+12 System in the Philippines Essay

A pleasant welcome to all of you, my dear listeners. So many years passed by, many changes undergo. Just like what the Department of Education implemented. It is the New Curriculum called K-12 Education System under the administration of the President Benigno Ninoy Aquino III. Basically, the K-12 System includes the universal kindergarten 6 years of elementary, 4 years of junior high school with an additional 2 years for senior high school.Top of Form This is to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship. According to the survey of World Bank Philippines had highest youth unemployment rate. For this would provide time for students to stabilize acquired academic skills and competencies. The curriculum will allow specializations in science and technology, music and arts, agriculture and most importantly, the system aims to fully enhance and develop the students in order for them to be well-prepared especially in emotional and psychological aspects. Through this, graduates will be able to face the pressures of their future workplaces and the high school graduates can also pursue their education outside the country. There were so many questions out there like Where will the additional two years be added? Why is the K to 12 program better than the current program? What would be the assurance that K to 12 graduates will be employed? How will the K to 12 program help students intending to pursue higher education? And others. This are some concerns for most of us, people who live in this society. Answers are given based on the article that the Department of Education released. Agencies that helped the P-Noy Administration has a lot of things to do, and we should all thank them, to those who compose Department of Education, Commission on Higher Education, and Technical Education Skills Development Authority along with every individuals and groups that have assisted us in attaining this victory. Again, thank you and as what the President of the Philippines said. â€Å"Today is the beginning of enduring change.†

Work Ethics

According to Webster’s Dictionary â€Å"work ethics is a belief in work as a moral good.† Which is basically saying you do your work because you want to, not because you have to, and maybe get noticed for it? Some people work because they have to but if you have work ethic for what you work for it’s because you are doing it because you like and thinks it is a good job. If you do job just because then it is not considered a good work ethic, it is considered a work ethic but you only do the job because you have to do it.Those with a good work ethic often also possess generally strong character. This means they are self-disciplined, pushing themselves to complete work tasks instead of requiring others to intervene. They are also often very honest and trustworthy, as they view these traits as befitting the high-quality employees they seek to become, to demonstrate their strong character, these workers embody these positive traits daily, likely distinguishing themselv es from the rest.I have a work ethic. My work ethic is working in the library at my high school. I work in the library because I have to. I don’t like to work in the library but I do because it is a good work ethic. I work here because they need help.Many students leave school ill-prepared for the workplace. Poor academic skills and work habits limit their understanding of how they might fit into the adult world. Work-based learning addresses this problem by extending the walls of the classroom to include the whole community, giving students real world experiences and opportunities to apply academic skills in the workplace. Work-based learning is an integral part of school to careers transition, combining school-based learning and work-based learning into an integrated experience for all students.Through work-based learning, â€Å"Employers reinforce academic lessons, schools emphasize career applications, students gain experience in the adult world of work and connections t o a range of post-secondary options, including college, technical training and skilled entry level work.† The National Center for Career and Technical Education (NCCTE) defines career development as â€Å"the total constellation of psychological, sociological, education, physical, economic, and chance factors that combine to influence the nature and significance of work in the total lifespan of any given individual.†Work-based learning is defined as a coherent sequence of job training and work experience that involves actual work experience and connects classroom learning to work activities. One of the key elements that lead to the success of a school to careers system is work-based learning. Students must have access to a range of developmentally appropriate work-based learning experiences. Schools and employers need flexibility to develop a school to careers transition that builds on local strengths and is tailored to local needs and circumstances.The work-based compo nent may include a variety of activities including job shadowing, school based enterprises, entrepreneurial programs, dual enrollment, mentorships, career pathways, and service learning to name a few. Using a range of in-school and out-of-school strategies – paid or unpaid work experiences during the school day or after school – with programs customized to fit the needs of young people, school, businesses, and the local community, the main focus of any of these work-based learning experiences is that they must offer academic study, professional/technical skills, and work related experiences.Although most people have wanted to concentrate their efforts related to work-based learning on students in the upper years of high school, they should realize that programs that do not start until the 11th grade miss the chance to make a significant impact on many students. Work-based experiences need to take a progressive sequential approach that includes preparation (feeder) expe riences starting as early as elementary or middle school.It is crucial to include younger students before they become discouraged and disengaged or drop out of school altogether. â€Å"Feeder† experiences expose young people to a range of career opportunities through such options as summer internships, job shadowing, and career exploration workshops, all of which are geared to the connection between school and work and the integration of academic and occupational training. Ideally the work-based learning component is delivered through a planned program of job training and other employment experiences related to a chosen career.

Week 8 705 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 8 705 - Assignment Example This requires knowledge on budgeting and components of budgets so that a DNP can collaborate with line personnel and inform them to ensure availability of resources for meeting patients’ needs. Ordering of tests and prescription of medicines originates from DNPs and the professionals are the right source of information for budgeting for the necessary resources. DNPs’ knowledge on budgeting can facilitate accuracy in resource allocation and availability of the required resources. In addition, ability to identify each of the direct costs such as personnel, equipments, supplies, and training expenses and to allocate expected costs to them facilitates budgeting within a DNP’s department and informs a facility’s budgeting (Loyns & Gitlin, 2008). Personnel are critical to service delivery and understanding workload volume informs DNPs on the required human resource base. The most common volume and peak volume are important to estimating extreme ends of a facility’s needs that can ensure economic, but sufficient, allocation of resources. Reliance on most common workload, together with further analysis then informs DNPs roles in budgeting for their departments and their facilities. As a leader, a DNP needs to understand human resource planning concepts for informing human resource management on appropriate human resource composition and for ensuring optimal personnel output in a DNP’s department through motivational factors (Waxman, 2012; Loyns & Gitlin,

Managed Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Managed Care - Essay Example Accreditation is the significant process that Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) need to pass in order to prove their credibility and quality. Both, service providers and customers consider the certification as highly important because it indicates that an organization has attained the standard of quality defined by the accrediting agency. The major Accrediting Agencies in the United States are ABQAURP, NCQA & HEDIS, The Joint Commission, AAAHC & AAAASF and URAC. Although the criteria for accreditation vary depending on the type of Managed Care Organizations and the accrediting agency, there are certain common factors that are applicable in the review. The Agencies usually consider the â€Å"MCO’s quality management program and its impact on operations, at utilization management and how it is carried out, at the MCO’s treatment of members and so forth.† (Kongstvedt., 2003 p. 239). TRICARE is a managed care option of Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) initiated by Department of Defense (DOD). The service has been delivered through its worldwide Military Health Service System (MHSS). DOD provides Tricare civilian health benefits for military personnel, military retirees, and their dependents through its 11 health service regions. It has also established a new administrative structure to supervise the delivery of health care. (Kongstvedt, 2003 p.1131). Tricare Standard (Fee for Service Program), Tricare Extra (Preferred Provider Option), Tricare Prime (HMO Option), US Family Health Plan, and Tricare Reserve Select (TRS) are some of the major plans of Tricare. As compared to other managed care services in the United States, Tricare offers more steady high quality health care benefits and reduced costs. Tricare service is accessible according to the priority of the beneficiaries as follows; active duty members, family members o f the active prime members, retirees and their family members, family

Miguels Hourly Performance Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Miguels Hourly Performance Evaluation - Essay Example Voluntarily takes the first initiative in identifying and addressing potential and existing issues, opportunities, and obstacles (The University of British Colombia , 2011). Creatively identify and determine resources, technical needs and support team and initiates planning for potentially significant contingency plan and outcomes by integrating future and conflicting scenarios with opportunities. Focuses on a great consistency to the customers serve both internal and external ensuring high quality products and services by proper aligning and allocating resources to meet the objective of customer satisfaction and product utility. Develops strategies and plan that meet the technology and, or the architecture requirements of the organization. As an IT expert, I use scheduling software incorporate such plans and strategies to the business vision, goals, strategies, priorities, industry trends, emerging technology, and economic viability which help me and the department effectively plan for activities and have ultimately saved the organization time and money (Maurer & Robert, 2012). My business experience helps me run my work activities in a cost efficient manner by proactively conducting work progress and department reviews to reprioritize resources and apply corrective action that respond to business strategy, budget and initiatives against established objectives, and milestone to enhance high level of efficiency and effectiveness. Engages the right group of individuals within and beyond organization boundaries, by matching individual skills and capabilities to buy-in support and problem definition methods of resolution and accountability. Solicits and generates the approval of senior leadership prior to defining acute issues and solution to indistinct, multifaceted teething troubles of high risk, which can span across and beyond the enterprise. Consistently fosters collaboration

Strategic Management Case Study Analysis Adam Aircrafts Term Paper

Strategic Management Case Study Analysis Adam Aircrafts - Term Paper Example A strategy is the game plan the company is using to stake out market position, conducts its activities, attract and service customers, compete successfully for achieving its organizational objectives and encompasses mobilization of resources, perceiving and utilizing the opportunities, managing risks in its operations, resolving uncertainties and meeting challenges and threats for survival and success. The corporate strategy should be flexible, dynamic and is generally long term in nature. In this paper strategic management with reference to Adam Aircrafts has been studied for identifying the objectives of the company, problems faced by the company and the causes for such problems, strengths and weaknesses of the company, the opportunities in the industry, the external threats in relation to its operations and strategies of the company for a careful analysis and possible solutions and recommendations. The promoter’s or the management’s views and conclusions about the company’s direction and the product-customer-market-technology focus constitute a strategic vision for the business. The promoter Rick Adam, a licensed pilot for over 18 years, hailing from a family of aviators with his successful foray into IT field had a vision on aviation sector. The company was closed and now Triton America is redesigning the A500 and A700 with the intent to return the aircraft to production at the  Port of Skagit County, Washington. (Wikipedia, 2010) The mission of the enterprise has not changed, that is building smaller and lighter aircraft designed for the most common trip length and passenger load to deliver optimal efficiency. Also, the company wants to focus on personal jet aircraft for the average mission of less than a two-hour flight, with three and a half people on board. Though it could be construed as a narrow segmentation, the idea of the company could be to es tablish itself in niche market, though

On The Semiosphere by Juri Lotman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

On The Semiosphere by Juri Lotman - Essay Example Here, Lotman has successfully put forth an example which could make his complex arguments very clear to even a lay person, through the use of analogy. The allegory is easy to understand for the reader. The overall conclusion that this essay arrives at is that, â€Å"the levels of the semiosphere comprise an inter-connected group of semiospheres, each of them being simultaneously both participant in the dialogue (as part of the semiosphere) and the space of dialogue (the semiosphere as a whole)† (Lotman, 205). Lotman has started his essay by referring to the two major schools of thought in semiotics, one the Saussurian school which focuses on the ‘act of communication’ and the Piercean school which stresses on the ‘sign’, the basic, coded, element of communication (205). Then he moves ahead to point out that both these schools have some thing in common, which is the stress that they give either to a single communication act or a single sign, ie; a sing le, atomic element (Lotman, 206). By describing this background, Lotman starts a logical reasoning process by giving chronological data and putting it as a block in the very beginning of the essay.   He has argued that, in this way, â€Å"the individual act of sign exchange has come to be regarded as a model of natural language [†¦] -as universal semiotic models† (Lotman, 206).In the next step of his rhetoric, Lotman has contested this conventional thought. He has opined that, this kind of reasoning is part of the traditional and flawed scientific thinking., where one is tempted always to move â€Å"from the simple to the complex’, and whereby one gets trapped into attributing a character to the object of study, just because it provided some convenience to make an analysis (Lotman, 206). In this way, Lotman has been applying the method of logos which says that the study of communication, or

Art and Architecture of Africa-Identification of terms Assignment

Art and Architecture of Africa-Identification of terms - Assignment Example It was common with ancient Egypt. It came to use under the kingdom of pharaoh Sneferu (Crouch, 34). In architecture, zoomorphic architecture refers to architecture that, designs tend to build buildings in resemblance of animals. In other contexts, it pertains to deity or being conceived in the form of an animal. In abstract terms, it represents or uses animal forms. Bet Medhane is a name that revolves around the ability of a person to possess tools to become an original person with a highly creative approach. Therefore, it is essential in art as much as originality is. Verdite is the name given to the two types of green stones found in South Africa, which are used in curving sculptures (PALMER, 5). Ankh is also known as the key of life and was associated with ancient Egypt as a representative of eternal life. Afo-A-Komis a wooden sculpture that was curved as sacred sculpture among the Kom people one of the tribes found in Cameroon (Kostof, 46). Wattle and Daub, on the other hand, refers to a building material used in making walls. It is important in architecture as it involve woven lattice of wooden strips in making beautiful walls. A white lady is a female ghost who has been known to be seen in rural areas across the world and associated with a local tragedy (Begg, 35). It forms part of modern art in acting and stage show movies. Apedemak refe rs to a lion headed warrior god who was known as one of the gods of the Nubia among the Meroitic

Nursing Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nursing Decision Making - Essay Example The advancement of technology has fueled various practices even in the nursing profession that has in turn caused a revolution in the way that nurses make decisions. Nursing embraces technology especially since there has been tremendous revamp as a consequence of its incorporation in the nursing profession (Hardy, Garbett, Titchen, Manley, 2002, p.200). There are conditions where nurses have to make sober and most feasible decisions when it comes to patients suffering acute conditions. These patients have to be accorded precise care in order to ensure their comfortable recovery in health institutions. Many patients have faced situations where they do not recover out of their illnesses since nurses do not have ample reasoning skills (Del Bueno, 2005, p.202). This is a result of nurses not making correct assessment of the patients they have in their centers, where they are supposed to evaluate the most ill patients and offer them the help they need. This papers purports to evaluate the importance of critical thinking for nurses in their provision of healthcare to patients. The situation in health facilities is that ‘at risk’ patients are fitted with a device that notices complex fatal situations such as cardiac arrests and warns the health administration in order to offer them quick response (Ebright, Urden, Patterson, Chalko, 2003, p.635). Quite often though, the nurses in all over the world do not possess the right planning skills when offering administration of health care to patients. While the degree of complexity in diseases is increasing indefinitely, nursing profession has adopted the information and technology empowerment to offer their patients the best kind of healthcare. However, this has not been totally comprehensive in offering healthcare and it calls for additional endeavors to coach nurses. The profession management found it fit to complement nurses with teaching in critical thinking skills in an effort to reduce poor clinical reason ing. Research conducted by an Australian institution for instance, showed that the level of ‘unsafe’ nurses in the United States stands at 70%. This translates to the high number of fatalities of patients under healthcare and in retaliation critical thinking education scheme has been boosted to allow for better service provision. Critical Reasoning It is defined as the clinical way that nurses and other healthcare providers perceive the situations that face them in providing their services to patients. It may also be called problem solving, critical thinking, clinical judgment or decision making. Clinical judgment is assessing the problem a patient is facing. Nurses therefore need to be well equipped to make a distinction between symptoms, collecting evidence of illness, understanding them, evaluating the possible solutions to ease illness and implement the best possible solution. The process of clinical reasoning is the ability of a nurse to assess the situation of the patients in terms of their symptoms, understand them, evaluate possible solutions, implement the best solution, know the outcomes possible for the patient and to internalize the processes (Thompson & Dowding, 2002, p.50). There is not really a certain way that nurses have to make sober clinical reasoning solutions. The basic process however involves ?collection, description and understanding’. The reason why nurses should learn from these situations is because precedence is also a form of clinical reasoning. When for instance, a nurse encounters a problem in a patient they are best placed to make a decision if they had encountered identical problems in other patients and therefore make decisions based on

Two Spins on the US “War on Terror” Essay Example for Free

Two Spins on the US â€Å"War on Terror† Essay The September 11 tragedy has engendered the US â€Å"war on terrorism† that was launched to restore peace and world order. This, of course, echoes the side of the Bush administration. Other groups have argued that the war on terror failed to remedy terrorism since it has proven to be an act of terror itself. Instead of bringing peace, numerous individuals have analyzed the war on terror as an attempt of the US to re-establish itself as Empire. The long competing discourses for and against the US attack of Iraq have often left the common citizen confused and apathetic regarding the issue. This paper argues in the concluding part that it is not enough to be trapped in the various â€Å"spins† relating to the war on terror. More than ever, the times necessitate for individuals to speak up and make a political stand. Introduction After the September 11 tragedy, the US has taken on a role to defend its nation – even the world – from what it perceives as â€Å"terrorists. † This maneuver is grounded on various political and economic policies that have been championed and criticized by different peoples all over. The eventual result of this global campaign to â€Å"curb the spread of terrorism† is the US invasion of Iraq. Four years after the US, United Kingdom and the coalition made their move to crush the â€Å"enemy,† numerous groups and individuals contend that the situation has only gone worse. The US State department, on the other hand, lauds the measures being taken up to now, arguing that peace can only be achieved through a sustained and protracted â€Å"war on terrorism. † Fortunately or unfortunately (depending on which side one is from), the US war on terror is still very much at work today, making it a pressing issue gripping our nation and the world. This paper re-constructs the two â€Å"spins† surrounding the issue of the US war on terror by assuming the side of the US government and the opposition. The question of the hour would thus be: Did the US war on terror prove beneficial or detrimental? By â€Å"spin,† I am borrowing Bill Maher’s elementary definition of the term: â€Å"a lie communicated through the veneer of vague truth† (Press, 2002, xi). According to Bill Press, spin has a vital role in the way political campaigns are arranged today (Press, 2002, xiii). Taken from a ball sport which is cricket, the meaning of spin has then on evolved to connote highly manipulative and deceptive techniques that are selective in vision and interpretation of facts, values and statements. One of the most popular strategies used for spin is non-denial denial. It is much related to the way of talking in which the statements are constructed to assume unproven truths. Ambiguity and skirting, rejecting validity of hypothetical values, and appealing to internal policies – these constitute the strategy and method of spinning. Those who are skilled in spinning have developed a keen sense of timing that allows them to manipulate the people especially during tragic times like the September 11 tragedy. For instance, when British political advisor and press officer Jo Moore sent an email to her department stating that â€Å"It’s now a very good day to get out everything we want to bury,† the statement was manipulated to mean that Moore was insulting those who died and got buried during the September 11 tragedy (Watt, 2001). The trouble, apparently caused by spin, forced Jo Moore to resign. An individual skilled at spinning truths are called â€Å"spin doctors. † Today, the term spin doctor interestingly connotes nearly all politicians and bureaucrats. People from the government have often been vilified for their supposed attempts to conceal the truth from the people. From comedy shows to news editorial, government officials have now become popular figures to be poked at. Spin’s definition as false discourses implies that it is propagated in order to make the people believe a particular political agenda. However, this operative definition doesn’t suggest that the two competing sides regarding the US war on terror are both false. On the contrary, moments of truth are revealed by the very act of critically examining whatever is being handed to us whether by those protecting the status quo or those who oppose it. Therefore, at the offset, the this paper’s disclaimer is that it is impossible to assume the two sides of the issue as if an individual is ideology-free and bias-free. For the purposes of this exercise, however, this paper will attempt to present the arguments by positioning the author in the shoes of each side’s defenders. This paper will first do a spin of the pro- War side followed by a negative spin launched by the anti-war side. In the concluding part, the author will make his own stand and forward his own recommendations. War as path to world peace Ever since the US has been attacked by terrorists, it has become a necessity to protect the country from possible future attacks. The collapse of Word Trade Center, the mark of economic prosperity in the world, left a deep wound that gave President Bush no other choice but to fight back. According to President Bush, the death of thousands of Americans, generated by Islamic fundamentalists, must be avenged (â€Å"Bush defends†, 2005). The US war on terror is thus the answer for the restoration of peace. One of the measures undertaken by the resilient US government was the passage of Patriot Act. Now, any suspected terrorist may be searched and arrested without warrant (USA Patriot Act, 2001). The opposition would say that this law tramps down the right of the people. Apparently, the opposition does not see the bigger picture. It is better to sacrifice a bit of our liberties in order for our country to be protecting itself. Those opposing the efforts made by the Bush administration prove guilty of not wanting the US to recover from the devastating September 11 attacks. Thus, it is important, more than ever, that the measures the Bush administration has initiated be reasserted for the sake of national unity and progress. Securing US borders One painful lesson Americans have learned from the September 11 attacks is that the country’s borders should now be strongly secured from terrorists and other possible threats. The boundaries are regularly crossed by 330 million non-American citizens. It does not come as a surprise then that terrorists were able to gain easy access to the US (US Patriot Act, 2001). Not only terrorists but also criminals, illegal immigrants, drug addicts, and smugglers enter the US and threaten US security. The changing and quickly developing atmosphere of terror allows new chances for another attack. The US Patriot Act (2001) therefore asserts that border control must be strengthened. President George Bush points out two main principles of border control: 1) Americas state boundaries must contribute to the lawful trade and travel in the most efficient way 2) Border control must provide reliable protection against all possible threatening factors like terrorism, drug traffic, epidemics, arms traffic and others (Guild, 2003). In the 2003 Budget, $11 billion was allotted for boundaries security and $380 million for the Immigration and Naturalization Service. The plan is to build a modern entry-exit visa system that would surely secure the US from terrorists and other threats. This additional financing allows the border agencies to bring into effect reliable measures that would protect the US from foreign menaces, while at the same time letting legitimate goods and travelers cross the boundaries easily (Guild, 2003). An amount of $619 million was also given to the inspection budget of the Customs Service. This additional financing allows the Customs Service to fulfill its role to thwart dangerous goods like weapons of mass destruction. Particularly, the extra funding allows the Customs Service to hire about 800 new inspectors and make use of the most advanced technologies that will protect the US from harmful foreign goods (Guild, 2003). The 2003 Budget also increased by $1. 2 billion the financing of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). The amount of money which totals to $5. 3 billion includes appropriate funding for constructing the entry-exit visa system. (Patel, 2003) The increase of funding is bound to help the INS have more patrol agents and inspectors in the northern boundary and to install integrated information systems providing efficient and precise data-sharing among the security agents. The entry-exit tracking system will help improve the flow of legitimate human influx while preventing dangerous or illegal individuals from getting across the state boundaries (Patel, 2003). The increased budget for border security therefore showcases the sincere efforts of President Bush to protect the American people. Although the budget is a bit expensive, it cannot be denied that the reward of security and safety remains inestimable.

Characteristics of Franchising Systems

Characteristics of Franchising Systems DEFINITION OF FRANCHISING Franchising is a viable method of distributing goods and services which can have a positive influence on economic development by its contribution to the establishment of new businesses and job creation. (By Martin Mendelsohn,2004, p.1,The Guide to Franchising). The distribution networks can be expanded without having to borrow funds or raise additional equity finance. Some capital will be required to prepare for franchising but in general the franchisees will supply the capital as they will fund their own outlets. (By Gideon Nieman, 1998,p.8,) One can start in business with the use of comprehensive business package consisting of an established trade name and corporate image, a proven product or service, and the benefit of the goodwill that has been built up up by the franchisor. (By Gideon Nieman,1998, p.9,the franchise option-how to franchise your business). Disadvantages for franchisees Loss of independence: one of the most serious disadvantages of becoming a franchisee is loss of independence. If you want to make all your own decisions, franchising may be the wrong choice. Franchise systems are structured in such a way that the franchisor sets many of the rules; the franchisee is required to operate the business according to the franchisors manuals and procedures. Over-dependence on the system: loss of independence , if taken to extremes, leads to a further disadvantage: over dependence on the franchise system. When franchisees rely totally on the system for their success, their over-dependence can cause problems. Franchisees have to balance system restrictions with their personal ability to manage their own businesses. For example, when a franchisee depends on national advertising exclusively and does not invest in local marketing , she is short changing her business by relying too greatly on what the franchisor is bringing to the party. (By Michael Seid, Dave Thomas, 2007,p.42, Franchising for dummies Common characteristics of franchise systems that reflect different types of exploration and exploitation The positioning of the system in the market The degree of hardness of the system The systems entrepreneurial orientation The room for strategic participation of franchisees in the system The systems growth objectives ( by Josef Windsperger, Gà ©rard Cliquet, George Hendrikse, Mika Tuunanen, 2012, P.194, economic and management of franchising networks). Several limitations of franchise relationships as a specific form of alliance in which both franchisor and franchisee are intelligent partners that interact and adjust to each other through time. The franchise relationship is often seen as a static, top down relationship in which the focus is on efficiency-aspects, such as monitoring and control of franchisees. However, it is argued here franchise systems and the relationships within them have to deal with paradox of exploitation and exploration in organisational adaptation.   Exploitation includes aspects such as refinement, choice, production, efficiency, selection, implementation and execution. Exploration includes issues such as search, variation, risk-taking,experimentation, play,flexibility, discovery and innovation. Arguably, firms must try to find an appropriate balance betyween exploitation and exploration in order to survive and prosper in their environment.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   ( by Josef Windsperger, Gà ©rard Cliquet , George Hendrikse, Mika Tuunanen, 2012, P.194). Resource acquisition theory http://www.whichfranchise.com/resources.cfm https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9bXdna3dpEkCpg=PA61lpg=PA61dq=Brand+the+franchise+benefits+from+operating+under+the+name+and+reputation+brand+(image)+of+the+franchisor,+which+is+already+well+established+in+the+mind+eye+of+the+public.source=blots=8S9g1KfYUFsig=i6g2copZdN7dITp0uFMxSdx1MRQhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjMnvPap9TJAhUGVRQKHXq2BbwQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepageq=Brand%20the%20franchise%20benefits%20from%20operating%20under%20the%20name%20and%20reputation%20brand%20(image)%20of%20the%20franchisor%2C%20which%20is%20already%20well%20established%20in%20the%20mind%20eye%20of%20the%20public.f=false http://search.proquest.com/abiglobal/docview/220131590/63A3C6E4CB69411CPQ/1?accountid=10472 http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Eq-Inc/Franchising.html http://emarket.franchise.org/FRCSupportHandbook.pdf http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/08876040710818895 http://www.entrepreneur.com/answer/227691 http://www.franchising.com/guides/what_is_franchising_the_basics.html http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/08876040710818895 http://www.whichfranchise.com/resources.cfm http://www.theukfranchisedirectory.net/page/history-of-franchising.php http://www.franchising.com/articles/what_is_franchising.html

Nestle :: essays research papers

Nestle (Brief Overview) 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unconventional methodology of extension to other countries in it’s early years. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nestle made a name for itself with an experiment involving a child who was intolerant to his mother’s milk or any other substitutes. Nestle not only saved the baby’s life but achieved the feat with a formula developed with a formula that included lactose as one of it’s key ingredients. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several acquisitions along Nestle’s timeline would further accent its touch in its major revolution in the food industry. CASE1 : IMPORTANT FACTS OF THE CASE. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nestle’s commencement in 1866 by the Swedish pharmacists and further expansion into Europe and subsequently the rest of the world 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nestle’s landmark acquisituions. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nestle’s first mover strategy. The writer makes a comparison to enterprises during the industrial revolution. These companies had to invest in infrasture that are almost negligible in todays commerce activities, to start off production. Nestle had to engage in activities with a potential high risk such as their milk collection process in china. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It’s broad based globalization that attracted 99% of it’s revenue from outside of it’s home country in a little over a century 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The employment of tactics and strategy in a saturated market like Europe in the late nineties. ( I.E. potential to find an emerging market way before it gets prosperous. Responses to income levels) 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nestle focused more on customization instead of the then resounding and domineering globalization. They believed in customizing a product to suit a local niche one market at a time. That way new product failure rate remained minimal and New product Development grew significantly. This process is referred to as local adaptation by the writer. CASE2 : With regards to emerging markets 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nestle has always pioneered in being the first mover into a new market. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aligned with the vision of its proprietor they configure new products to their best fit assumption and then introduce it to a unsuspecting market. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After having a substantial leverage on the market, subsequent growth in the market would also mean growth for the subsidiary market share of nestle. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Examples of such products experimented with include tofu, noodles and of Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s favorite, condensed milk. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nestle noticeably pierces the market with staple or basic fodd items before upgrading to more upscale products. CASE 3: What is required for the strategy to work 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A centralized organizational goal and focus on new product development accented with the regional taste. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An unbiased commitment to optimum product standards. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Subsequent monitoring and alterations as required 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Progress report and full disclosure to stakeholders involved to determine if it is worth continuing.

Ecobus Marketing Coursework - Nokia - The Wireless Giant Essays

Ecobus Marketing Coursework - Nokia - The Wireless Giant Ecobus Marketing Coursework "Nokia - The Wireless Giant" Introduction & Purpose For this coursework, I have decided to study the wireless giant, Nokia. Nokia is, unarguably, the leader in the world of mobile communications. The brand boasts a significant number of users from around the world, ranging from Europe to the Americas, and from Africa to the Asia Pacific. Nokia's success has been aided by its experience, innovation and its user-friendliness and thus, has become the leading supplier of mobile phones and other related products around the globe. The aim of this project is to identify how Nokia has approached its market and what has enabled the company to become a world leader in the world of wireless communications. This will include a study of the customer behaviour towards the brand and how Nokia has managed to secure a large share of the market, leaving its competitors far behind. Methodology In order to fill my purpose, I will collect both primary as well as secondary data from the appropriate sources. To collect the primary data, I will hand out questionnaires to a sample group of people varying in age and nationality. This is necessary to get a wider perspective of the possible customers of Nokia. Two samples of the questionnaire will be presented in the appendix. I will also carry out an interview with one of the staff of a Nokia Retail Outlet to further inquire about their aims and objectives in Hong Kong. The appropriate information from the questionnaires will be converted into graphs and then summarised. However, my study of Nokia will be based in Hong Kong and may contain a Hong Kong Perspective of the brand In addition to these data, I will create a S.W.O.T (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis of the company and also analyse Nokia's marketing mix. This will give a good overview of the company's marketing strategy. To add to the analysis, I will include a Boston Matrix of the brand, which will help determine the position of the company in the market. Following this, I will gather all the information to form a conclusion, which will include my own recommendations. A Brief Introduction to Nokia Nokia started in the communications service in 1865 establishing itself in the newspaper business, the original medi... ... a successful wireless giant aided by its strong marketing strategy. Its innovative products, appropriate placement, top notch promotion and suitable pricing has allowed it to hold the better share of the mobile communications market. In a world that is fast becoming reliant on technology, Nokia, with the help of its state of the arc technology, will create a new revolution in the industry. Locally, the telecommunication market is a thriving one and offers endless opportunities to the company. However, continuous market research and development needs to be done to keep Nokia where it is today. To eliminate any possible threats, Nokia can continue to develop new products and acquire a patent which will eliminate any chances of 'me-too' products from other companies. Acquisitions are also an option as a merge will make Nokia stronger as well as help remove competition. Organic growth can also help them guide towards more turnovers over a period of time. Nokia is, clearly, the hot choice of the mobile customers at present. By the looks of it, it is only a matter of time before its competitors are hunted down to extinction, at least in the field of mobile phones.

Discussing the customer service policies Essay

In my assignment I will provide information about customers services levels, customer satisfaction, what is customer services , I will give examples and evidence about different institutions and their customers services levels and policies .I want to start with the definitions of customer services and customers service policies. Customer service is the provision of service to customers before, during and after a purchase.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Customer service is a series of activities designed to enhance the level of customer satisfaction – that is, the feeling that a product or service has met the customer expectation.†Some people say that ‘Customer is always right’ but nowadays if u work in the hospitality industry u will definitely disagree with that .Some customers are really informed about their rights so because of that the stuff should be really confident and well trained to reach the customer expectation. Every business should have customer service policies. According to Entrepreneur Magazine, the definition of a customer service policy is ‘the degree of assistance and courtesy granted those who patronise a business ’.The customer service policies apply, because for every business is important to give their best in way to satisfy the customers. Policies are written rules which customers can see and read at any time, and they protect the business owners. Why we use the customers service policies ?We use them because they inform the customers for their rights ,they give information for the place .That’s why they are very , very important and useful nowadays .There are so many hotels, pubs , bars and other hospitality businesses today which have very interesting customer service policies. I have choose Hilton London Wembley Hotel to give as an example with its customer service policies .The hotel is one of the world wide best hotels so they really know how to satisfy customers needs . Everyone knows that hotel so I want to inform you more about it .For example Hilton London Wembley Hotel check- in time is 3.00pm. , check- out time is 12.00pm.This time hours gives advantages to the stuff so they clean the rooms and prepare them for the next customers and of course they inform the guests when they should leave the room. References: 1. Google ,Wikipedia (2013) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_service 2.Turban, Efraim (2002). Electronic Commerce: A Managerial Perspective. 3. Entrepreneur Magazine http://www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/customer-service

Informative Article About Bullying Essay

Have you ever heard about Amanda Todd, a 15 years old Canadian girl who took her life away, on October 2012, because of cyber bullying. Before her suicide, Amada decided to post a video telling her story about how she was blackmailed, physical and psychological abused. Bullying is a social problematic and a global issue which touches most of the population, because it does not only happen at schools, you can also be witness of this in companies, or any other community. The website Bullying. rg defines bullying as â€Å"a learned behavior. It is when a person or group tries to hurt or control another person in a harmful way. † Rosa Castillo (2013), teacher of a public school in Bogota, Colombia, said that â€Å"bullying is an action which lasts on kid for a long time, and this is one of the reasons why students start a low performance on schools†. According to stopbullying. gov, the types of bullying included, verbal bullying, is tell bad things to someone (name-calling, teasing); social bullying, involves damage somebody? reputation (embarrass a person in public, spread a gossip, leaves somebody aside); and the last type is physical bullying, hurts somebody? s objects or body (punching, break of stuff). Furthermore, the increases of technology uses on young population and the lack of parents control about it, is making easier to develop a field of bullying on the web. This type of bullying is known as ciberbullying, which take place at using the electronic device and social networks. Read more:  Essay on the person you admire the most This kind of bullying is a little bit harder with the victims, as it could happen 7/24 (7 days a week and 24 hour a day), also ciberbullying spread fast all on the web, reaching all the person? s contacts. A lot of kids believe, that making others feel less than he, would make him better. The truth is some of this kids has an issue that thy want to hide from the others, that? s why, they use bullying as a defense mechanism. Another possible answer for the behavior is they want to call the attention of someone (parent, group of friend). On the other hand, is important the role of parents or big sister/brother, because most of the times these are the one kids admire and want to follow. Teacher Rosa, explain that the kids more likely to being bullied are the ones who are considered weak. And the bullies are those who are more popular around the group or are strong. Some people consider that bullying is a stage of the childhood and it will have an ending. Last statement is totally false, bullying is a problematic and it has to receive treatment. Bullies and bullied, both will have a short and long term consequences. But the victimizers are more likely to experience the consequences in long term. The bullies are more susceptible to get involve in dangerous activities (vandalize, physical fights, abuse of alcohol or/and drugs), and also they are more likely to experience bullying as his behavior does not fit in the environment of work. The psychologist Dan Olweus, of Norway, found on his study that about 60% of schools students in Scandinavian countries who were bullies had one or more incidents of being convicted of a crime by the time they were 24 years old. On the other hand, the victims might experience the consequences from the first time of bullying, such as low self-esteem, anxiety, sleep difficulties, missing classes, and so on. One of the most worried consequences is that the victims could become violent, toward themselves or with the community, as the bullied would want revenge of all the public embarrassed he had passed. As we can see on the newspaper and all over the news, in the last years, the number of bullycides (is a term used to describe suicide as the result of bullying) of young people increasing alarmingly in the entire world.

Advertising Campaigns in Banking Using Images of Famous People Essay

Today, banking services look very similar to each other. While comparing various products, a customer has often no idea which one is the best for him and he does not even know how they differ from each other. In order to understand the difference between them, it requires a thorough analysis, for which a potential buyer does not have enough time. In most cases, the choice of customers is based on irrational considerations. By observing recent advertisements in banking sector, I came to conclusion that most of them are becoming less informative and more focused on creating a positive image of the bank and its product. This creates an impression that the product or service is essential to the customer and its possession or use of service means that the buyer belongs to a group of â€Å"the wise† or â€Å"better ones† who are â€Å"well chosen†. Further observations has shown that it is becoming increasingly popular to use celebrities in advertisements of well-known banks, as public has sympathy, respect and trust towards those people. These advertisements include actors, successful athletes and popular personalities from the media world. The common feature of these various industry representatives is their universal recognition. Therefore, the subject of this work is to look at how banks are creating a positive image though their advertising campaigns by using celebrities. The goal of my work is to present the role of the brand, the essence of advertising, as well as to demonstrate the specific marketing activities with the use of recognition of famous people. The first part provides information on the purpose of advertising, its functions and types. The second part shows how branding is done with the help of famous people in Russia. Lastly, I will conclude the research by evaluating advertising activities in banking sector and their effectiveness. Advertising Advertising is usually presented as a message that aims to increase demand and thus sales of a certain product. However, this definition is incomplete and should be supplemented by two important elements. The first one concerns the creation of advertising in order to reduce demand. An example could be an anti-smoking or anti-alcohol campaign. The second element is to present advertising as a combination of information and persuasion, prompting the customer to buy the product with better selectiveness. Since advertising is a broad concept, it is understood in many ways. Philip Kotler says that advertising is a measure of information and propaganda, designed to increase the level of knowledge of brand, product and company of its customers or potential customers. However, Belch & Belch write that advertising is any form of communication about a product, organisation, ideas or services originating from a distinct source, facing the environment. The most common purpose of advertising is to create customer awareness of the existence of a company, product or brand. The customer should spontaneously recall the advertised name, and at the same time be encouraged to re-purchase. Another objective is to maintain positive beliefs about the image and to create the best possible relationship with the client. These objectives could not be achieved only by using advertisements, as an integrated marketing plan is required for those purposes. Another function is related to the issuing of competitive messages in response to competitors’ advertising messages. The main objective is to increase the attractiveness of their products. Another way is to weaken the position of the competition by presenting their products from a weaker side. There are also two major function of advertisements. Consumer advertising – targeted at specific customers. A significant number of advertisements on television, radio or newspaper is consumer-based. A characteristic feature of these ads is that it is financed by the manufacturer or dealer who sells the product. Advertising to the companies – also known as industrial, commercial and so-called business advertising. The vast majority of advertisements related to consumer is located in all types of media. Business advertising presents in specialised publications or professional journals. The objectives and functions of advertising divide them into two more elements: Advertisement is designed in order to stimulate demand for the product, such as American cigarettes, fruit from Morocco, Polish chocolate. It is used in one of two situations. The first is part is when a product is getting launched. It is called pioneer advertising. The creation of such advertising is associated with the implementation of the following three objectives: 1) To introducing a new product to market.  2) To affect selected markets, simplification of the contractors carrying out the tasks. 3) To inform the pioneer. The second element is connected to advertising to maintain the demand. Such advertising is used throughout the product life cycle and seeks to maintain or stimulate demand. It is also important to mention, that the selective demand advertising is different from the main demand advertising which is designed to stimulate demand for individual brands. It is a competitive advertising that appears in the second product life cycle, when there are already competitive products on the market. The company is trying to gain an advantage through the promotion, so that customers remember those product. This is usually done by highlighting the advantages and unique advantages of the product over a competitor. Another form of selective demand advertising is comparative advertising. Creating brand by using the image of famous people A company that wants to effectively advertise its brand, should not reserve funds for advertising campaigns. Power of the media is unbelievably huge these days. Media is considered as a â€Å"fourth power† in terms of influence on public. Regarding the banking sector in Russia, it is becoming increasingly popular to use images of famous people in advertisements. It comes to media operations, whose primary objective is to create the brand advertising, where the actor or another person from the world of politics, business, etc. represents the business and associated with the product. Mechanics of this advertising method is simple: â€Å"This famous person uses the services of the bank N. So it’s a good bank and you can trust it.† This advertising method has several advantages: 1) The fame of celebrity and his character is applied to the brand. 2) If a customer feels confident towards the celebrity, this confidence will be applied to a brand. Increased brand loyalty among fans of celebrities. 3) The client is more prepared to use products and services and has positive attitude towards the brand reduces attention to the price. An example of a effective application of such a strategy is the brand image advertising campaign of VTB 24, which began back in 2008. The campaign was built on attracting celebrities to advertise the bank as a reliable, stable institution that can be trusted. Those celebrities where: a coach Tatiana Tarasova, actresses Ingeborg Dapkunayte and CHulpan Hamatova, composer Igor Sharp, etc. â€Å"Shall I call a few celebrities – this is the safest option, because you can work on different audiences at the same time† – believes the managing director of BBDO Branding Olga Konovalova. However, some experts pointed out that a participation of an actor Konstantin Khabenksy was not entirely successful the campaign . Usually his characters have unpredictable personality: they do not represent the stability that people are willing to see in the bank. Overall, Young & Rubicam advertising agency believes that this strategy seems to be justified. This campaign helped to create an image of VTB 24 as one of the most stable and popular among celebrities banks. Moreover, the brand recognition of this bank increased from 34 to 45%. But not all advertising campaigns became successful. â€Å"At the first glance I thought I was imagining things† – that was the reaction of most passers-by when they first saw the billboards of the bank â€Å"Trust† with an image of Bruce Willis. For the first time on the territory of the former Soviet Union such a global megastar was participating in the Russian advertising campaign. Vice-President of â€Å"Trust† Communications Dmitry Chukseev binds him choice of Bruce Willis with the results of studies that have shown that he is an absolute leader in the aggregate index of perception of the target audience. The use of celebrities in advertising has serious drawbacks, such as: 1) The risk choosing a wrong celebrity. â€Å"Money down the drain† if a celebrity is not popular among target consumers. 2) The risk of damaging the brand image in the case of a celebrity scandal. The risk of damaging the brand image in the case if celebrity is advertising some other brands. According to sociological research, advertising by using celebrities will be less in demand over time. In 2010, the American edition of Ad Age found that the modern public wants to get as much information in advertising as possible and it is this, rather than the popularity of the characters which is taken into account when banks are thinking of the next marketing move. A study of Ace Metrix found that advertising of financial services with celebrities does not generate high consumer confidence, besides celebrities distract the consumers’ attention on a product. Conclusion Advertising is created to promote the product. It is designed to convince customers to accept the product and purchase it. A form of advertisement should represent advantages of products and services promoted and show the benefits of the product to the customers. Advertising should involve means and methods that will effectively allow the transfer of your content to consumer. Today, advertising has almost the status of art. The advertising message is often intended not only to promote the product, but also to shock the customer and cause him to experience the product emotionally. Effectively formulated advertising message not only encourages the recipient to purchase a product, but also allows to encode in his mind, which in tern affects consumer’s preferences. The aim of this study was to show how the banks influence the decisions of customers through the use in advertising of the services of trusted and widely accepted celebrities. People pay attention to such features as sympathy and trust in the â€Å"star†. This confirms that the bank’s branding through advertising campaigns by using images of famous people has a positive affect on the overall brand awareness. Nowadays, due to the continuous changes in the market, the importance of quality and quantity of information is significantly increased. Information overload makes today’s buyer is no longer in a position to observe and analyse the changes. A more developed market, more products and forms of distribution, increased competition between companies means that the role of information significantly increases. Celebrities are no longer needed to raise confidence in the banks. Therefore, banking sector needs to change the trend in the commonly used types of advertisements, which will be characterised by greater efficiency than those involving identifiable persons. Therefore, creating brand by using the image of famous people is no longer perspective. However, this is still a matter of debate.

Health and Safety in Social Care Essay

The mission : The prevention of death, injury and ill health to those at work and those affected by work activities. †¢ Shocking failures – it’s why we need to obey the law We know it’s an extremely important aspect of care. We know there’s been a lot of debate about how to improve it. We know there have been high-profile cases where it’s failed miserably. But do we really understand what safeguarding means on a day-to-day basis for everyone involved in providing or receiving care? And there’s been much discussion about whether ‘adults at significant risk’ is better. Sometimes there’s confusion between safeguarding and adult protection, which relates to investigation of abuse rather than it’s prevention. †¢ Health and social care workers – protecting the vulnerable The terminology can be an issue in itself. We now refer to ‘adults at risk’ after the Law Commission’s report on adult social care pointed out that the previously acceptable term ‘vulnerable adult’ could suggest that the cause of abuse was located with the victim, and didn’t place responsibility with the actions of others. The commission found that people saw the term as â€Å"stigmatising, dated, negative and disempowering†. †¢ Part of a system  Legislation, regulation and guidance are becoming clearer and more consistent, with the implementation of the Law Commission recommendations on adult protection and making safeguarding adult boards – which already exist in most local authorities – mandatory.But there’s still a lot to learn, not least about what constitutes a safeguarding issue and what relates to everyday management, staff practice, quality and safety. Without that clarity, people may worry about over-reacting or taking the wrong action.

Discrimination Policies in Health Care

America is one of the most diverse countries in the world with people of many cultures, ethnicity, genders, and religion. However, it has not always been as tolerant of its diversity as evident of America’s history on race, religion, and gender relations. As a result of this history, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was enacted and prohibited employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces all of these laws (FMWM, 2008).Even with laws society still faces many different forms of discriminations including rate of pay, obesity and because of the time we live in religion. Our laws and society are not perfect but they strive to create a better work place for all American citizens. Organizations today protect themselves from liability and their employees from discrimination by developing policies and implementing training programs to educate and define acceptable ways to tre at one another in the workplace. A nondiscrimination policy in an employee handbook is very important, and could help prevent issues in the future of any organization.Every person should have the right to work in a nondiscrimination organization and not be threatened because of his or her personal beliefs. This policy should help ensure that all employees are aware of the organizations policies and give no room for questions on how an employee should expect to treat or be treated during employment in that organization. The policy needs to be presented to employees at the time of hire and enforced throughout their entire employment. In the policy should be nondiscrimination laws, regulations, policies, and organization executive orders. Read also Analyze the Ways in Which British Imperial PoliciesDiscrimination against anyone on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, sex, age, national origin, marital status, sexual orientation, physical or mental disability, gender identity and expression, familial or parental status, genetic information, veteran status, or any other protected classification will not be tolerated (JHH, 2009). The organization should take proper steps when hiring new employees by carefully screening all prospective candidates. The interviewing manager needs to ask important questions to see if that new mployee will fit into the culture of the organization. Background checks, drug test need to be done before hiring. In order for the nondiscrimination policy to be effective every protected violation must be addressed and responses to every issue need to be handled as soon as possible. This will leave no question in an employee’s mind that everyone is treated according to the policies set fo rth by the organization and the law. No employee can be the exception to the rule or this policy will leave room for error and eventually fail.Regardless of what personal views management has, the organization’s policies are executed. Nondiscrimination policies in an organization limit liability by promoting equality in the workplace and a unified workforce. An effective anti-discrimination policy helps an organization anticipate issues, manage them, and then continue with business (Duncan, 2004). Organizations must ensure their anti-discrimination policies fully deal with all potential issues but not be so detailed and sophisticated that no one understands it.Ultimately, employers are responsible for ensuring a healthy work environment by providing policies and educating employees on discriminatory practices and harassment, as well as preventing liability for the organization (Fremgen B. F. , 2009). Discriminatory practices can be direct or indirect and both can have a negat ive impact on the work environment and the organization. Direct discrimination occurs when a direct distinction, preference, or exclusion is made, for example, a job description or advertisement that specifies applicants of a certain age, race, creed, or color (ILO, 1996-2010).Many of these types of discriminatory actions are addressed in federal and state laws, and can lead to litigation for the organization. Indirect discrimination is less obvious and occurs when neutral practices result in unequal treatment; for example, scheduling job assignments or training sessions that interfere with an employee’s family obligations. These types of issues do not usually result in litigation, but they do cause unrest and dissatisfaction in the workplace if not resolved (ILO, 1996-2010). In today’s competitive environment organizations need to find new methods to reate a culture of equality and opportunity in the workplace. Many organizations conduct mandatory training for all man agers on non-discriminatory practices in an effort to increase efficiency and productivity (Duncan, 2004). Equal opportunity and treatment allows an individual to develop their own unique set of talent and skills, as well as recognize their own value. Equal opportunity practices improve productivity, increase a sense of fairness, lower staff turnover, increase motivation, and provide a less stressful work environment.The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 is the act that gives the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) authority to sue in federal courts when it finds reasonable cause to believe that there has been employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (EEOC, 2009). The EEOC is responsible for coordinating the Federal government’s employment non-discrimination effort. In the case of public employment, the EEOC refers the matter to the United States attorney general to bring the lawsuit.The U. S. Equal Employment Opportu nity Commission (EEOC) enforces all of these laws and provides oversight and coordination of all federal equal employment opportunity regulations, practices, and policies (EEO). Different federal agencies enforce federal laws concerning workplace discrimination issues. Unless the government speaks together upon non-discriminating matters within employment, workers remain confused about what rights they have and how to protect them.Employers may be uncertain of their obligations and how to comply voluntarily with their legal duties. Other federal laws not enforced by EEOC also prohibit discrimination and reprisal against federal employees and applicants. The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (CSRA) contains a number of prohibitions, known as prohibited personnel practices, which are designed to promote fairness in federal personnel actions (U. S. Department of Health & Human Services). The president appoints five commissioners and a General Counsel whom oversees the affairs of the EEO C.According to the Chair, the chief executive officer of the commission is responsible, along with the General Counsel, for conducting EEOC enforcement litigation under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), the Equal Pay (EPA), the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The laws enforced by the EEOC are * Title VII of the civil Rights Act * Equal Pay Act of 1963 * Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) * Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Sections 501 and 505 Titles I and V of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) * Civil Rights Act of 1991 (EEO) Many states have equal employment opportunity commission equivalents that enforce state employment discrimination laws and related regulations. State equivalents also investigate and resolve employment discrimination charges filed under state laws and under certain Federal laws. The company judges individuals by their abilities, not their disabilities, a nd seeks to give full and equal employment opportunities to all persons capable of performing successfully in the company’s positions.The company complies with all anti-discrimination laws, regulations, and executive orders. The company emphasizes that the law does not promise a job or a promotion but meant to level the playing field and make the rules the same for all applicants and employees. Equal employment opportunity programs include affirmative action for employment, as well as for handling discrimination complaints. Ethics in the medical industry is important because â€Å"ethics demands that the healthcare professional make sure that the patient understands the consequences in terms of the issues that are important to the patient.If there is no understanding, there is no agreement and therefore no authorization to proceed† (Garett, 2010). Ethical principles in healthcare refer to decisions or actions consistent with widely excepted ethics standards, norms, or expectations for a healthcare organization and its staff. One ethical consideration is strong leadership with a high regard of ethical values, which foster an environment and culture that support ethical practices throughout a hospital’s organizational structure.Fair hiring practices that bring in employees based on their knowledge, strength, abilities and competency for doing the job right. Also to enforce any codes, laws, or standards in the healthcare industry it is important to have a performance management system that is structured to your organizational needs. This is based on the ethical evaluation of patient care that â€Å"allows for the examination of organizational performance to ascertain how well the rganization is performing relative to what is expected, ethical improvement in organizational performance and by implementing corrective action that measures levels of expectations† (McConnell, 2003). The Ethics process plays an important part in keeping viabl e communication between health organizations and the patients, because ultimately it is the goal and mission of the organization to provide its consumers with a good or desirable experience. It is a sound principal to have clear goals and a complete understanding of ethics. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) governs and enforces the laws pertaining to discrimination. The healthcare industry should have a system in place to ensure that the highest ethical standards are maintained so that patients, family members, surrogates, employees and volunteers can work or be treated in a culture of professionalism. Good organizations know where ethical problems might occur and have solutions on how to resolve them. They must be committed to high ethical standards and morals consistent with an industry dedicated to the well-being of its customers.

Amanda Knox Court Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Amanda Knox Court Case - Essay Example Following four days and nights of interrogation, Amanda implicated herself and her employer at a bar in disputed circumstances. The police then arrested Amanda, Sollecito, and her employer Mr. Lumumba, although the later was released after Rudy Guede, an Ivorian raised in Perugia, was implicated by forensic evidence (Follain 12). Guede was convicted of the murder and sexual assault of Kercher and sent to prison. Sollecito and Amanda were found guilty during the first stage of the trial process and sentenced to 25 and 26 years in jail respectively. However, the second level of their trial saw them acquitted. The Background of Amanda Marie Knox Amanda Knox was born to Curt Knox and Edda Mellas in Seattle on July 9th, 1987. However, her parents divorced when she was still a baby. She grew up playing soccer in a bourgeois neighborhood where she earned the nickname Foxy Knoxy due to her athletic skills, a nickname that haunted her during the trial (Knox 25). Her relatives later described her as someone who did not have the full ability to pick up diverse social cues. While at school, Amanda took up an interest in the culture of the Italians and visited Italy as a fifteen-year-old together with her family. While on this trip, she decided that she would like to study there. She preferred a city such as Perugia that would allow her to meet real Italians, rather than Rome where she would mix with American expatriates (Knox 26). However, her stepfather discouraged her from moving there because he still considered her too naive. On graduating in 2005 from Seattle Preparatory High School, Amanda joined Washington University for a Linguistics Degree. As a college student, Amanda was named on the Dean’s list and was an ordinary college student with friends recalling that she was a gentle and kind individual. In the continuation of her â€Å"go-getter† attitude, Amanda decided to further her Linguistics Degree by heading for Perugia in Italy, where she was to sp end twelve months at the Foreigners University (27). On getting to Perugia, she met 21-year-old student Meredith Kercher from the UK, who also studied linguistics and roomed with her. Meredith had joined the University of Foreigners where she was to study Creative Writing, German, and Italian (27). According to media reports, while Amanda Knox was to most people a young and confident woman, her family and friends felt that she was a compulsive diarist, especially since she was averse to all types of conflict. These traits, which she showed during her time in high school and Washington University, including yoga practice at inappropriate times and her open and bubbly personality, were to have an effect on the trial. These traits made her more conservative, and reticent room and apartment mates viewed her critically while also causing the Italian police and prosecutor to be suspicious of her. The Murder of Meredith Susanna Cara Kercher Meredith Kercher was a UK citizen born in 1985 in South London’s area of Southwark. On joining the University of Foreigners, Kercher checked into a ground floor apartment with four bedrooms at Via della Pergola. This house was thought of as locals to be in a bad neighborhood, although most liked it for its panoramic view of Perugia. Her apartment mates included Amanda Knox and two other women. Meredith Kercher’

Communication Theory Applying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Communication Theory Applying - Essay Example Many theories try to explain the enigma of relationships. The rules theory tries to understand the expectations that the two entities of a relationship have for their partner and how it affects relationships (Baxter, 289). The phenomenon of heterosexual relationships is uncovered through exploring the rules of interaction in relationships. Two research areas have been covered to try to decipher the rules of interaction and breakup. The two areas include the study of interaction rules, and the study of closed relationships. Here, the studies are carried out using information accounts of couples on why their relationships broke up. The study employed of the accounts given by the couples, the most prominent reason given was it was due to relationship rules when one party deviated from the norms of this set of rules since couples feel that the partner is obligate to fulfill these expectations (Miller, 171). In this study, we also realize that relationship differ with commitment. Expectat ions for couples in a marriage and a romantic relationship out of marriage are different. Complains of this two relationships are different since the roles of the parties are different in the two. Therefore, the reasons for their breakups are also significantly different. It is also revealed that women are more pragmatic on in relationship than males. Males are said to be entertain more the notion of true love and romance. They entertain fantasies on love and relationships than their female counterparts (Young, 4). The Structural Theory in Work Communication theories are also applicable in trying to understand the formation, and functions of structures in the society. The structural theory is a vital theory in trying to understand how societal hierarchies work and how they are formed. In theories of communication and sociology, structural theory is defined as the formation of social issues using the analysis of two factors that include structures and agents that lead to the formatio n of these structures. These two factors are indistinguishable in that they are a prerequisite of each other. Although the structure theory is considered complex, it gives valuable insight of work and life balance in an organization (Hoffman, Renee, 206). Communication is a key element, in the formation of societal structures and this is evident through the structural theory. In societies, structures are crucial since, without structures in place: there will be anarchy. It is in human nature to look for a leader, hence leading to the formation of a command chain. This translates to all areas of the human life, from the family to bigger social groupings like communities. These structures are also employed in the workplace where there is a structure of authority (Gilsdorf, 25). Structures come as result of the interaction between resources and rules. Rules are predetermined guidelines that may be learned through life’s experience or may be official (Giddens, 455).rules guide ou r actions in work, certain rules are expected to be followed, for example, an employee should never miss work without permission. This is an example of an official rule. In this theory, recourses are a prominent determinant of power. Another important factor to consider in the structure of life is the duality in life. Life always has two sides to it, in the workplace; we have the employer and employee. In the workplace, the employer is rarely willing to make exceptions for the employee. The

A reaction to 3 articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A reaction to 3 articles - Essay Example What he seems to be categorical however is that despite Japan’s intransigence about foreign workers, they have to move with urgency and resolve legal hurdles deterring foreign workers coming to Japan as Japan is staring at a crisis soon to come of lack of workers in vital sectors as the Japanese population declines and becomes aged. At the beginning of the article, Chico says that for Japan to continue maintaining economic relevance in the next decades, it will â€Å"depend on its ability to-and its willingness-to grow by seeking outside help.†He cites the case of foreign nurses and the odds they face-they must pass a test that â€Å"almost no foreigner passes.† He explains that Japan has â€Å"deep misgivings about immigration and has tightly controlled the ability of foreigners to live and work† in Japan. He explains that with her declining population, the government will have but, to source foreign workers. The government is taking steps towards loosening of grip on immigration and in fact, it hopes to double the number of highly skilled foreign workers within a decade. He nonetheless observes that Japan is on course to have three workers for every two retirees by 2060.Noting that Japan has a program to that effect-the economic partnership program- with Indonesia and Philipines,he howeve r observes that the program has a flaw. Throughout the article, he shows that Japan has a need for skilled labour but it is stuck with restrictive rules like on language. He indicates that a language test with a pass rate of less than 1 percent will always be criticized.

How information Technology can be used to achieve sustainable Essay

How information Technology can be used to achieve sustainable competitive advantages - Essay Example In addition, the basic purpose of developing and implementing the modern and up-to-date information systems in the business and corporate structures is to enhance the overall corporate performance and enhanced management of the business data (Laudon & Laudon, 1999; Turban et al., 2005). Literature Review According to (Turban et al., 2005, p.18) â€Å"an information system is set of different aspects that work collectively in order to gather, operate, store, assess, and transmit information with the intention of performing a particular task.† Basically, the products and business processes to develop those products differ from organization to organization. Hence, a business organization can make use of information system for different purposes according to their needs and requirements. For instance, an organization can make use of an information system to deal with its human resource related processes or for dealing with accorunts and financial matters. In this scenario, as an o rganization is based on different aspects such as departments and employees in the same way an IS encompasses a variety of aspects like that inputs (whuch an information system receives in the forms of data and instructions from its users) and outputs (which are delivered by the information system in the forms of results, calculations and reports). Thus, it provides the desired outputs by carrying out certain operations on the inputs. Value Chain Model Operations: This process involves the activities that are involves in the transformation of inputs into final products. In this scenario, information systems can play a significant role. As the figure 1 demonstrates, this process can be supported through computer aided manufacturing. These systems can be used in design and development of the products (CiteHR, 2013; Schwanzer, 2007). In this scenario, information systems cannot only be used as a wonderful tool for automating desired business processes and activities but they can also b e used to support the business organizations in designing and putting into practice a number of value added-systems in the business organizations like that the majority of bussiness organizations combine and arrange their manufacturing cycle along with information systems so as to confirm that the outputs it generates comply with the organization’s requirements and needs as well as various quality management mechanisms. The research has shown that the implementation of information systems allows the business organizations to make their business operations simple and do not waste their precious time in performing unnecessary operations. Additionally, the majority of business organizations take benefit of information systems to incorporate control and measures to human resource related activities, in an attempt to make sure that only human resources having the proper privileges and authority can be allowed to perform particular tasks. Also, the use of information systems allows the business oraganizations to throw away chronic actions and improve correctness, supporting company’s employees to contemplate on more difficult processes. Furthermore, an organization can also use information syste

Social and Professional Issues in Information Technology Assignment

Social and Professional Issues in Information Technology - Assignment Example The second discussion board I joined was for the purpose of networking and sharing out on general issues of life. According to Edutopia, discussion boards are important in reflection, critical thinking, and demonstration of knowledge (â€Å"TeacherStream,† 2009). Moreover, discussion boards are full of exciting, interactive, and educative sessions. Through discussion boards, I was up to date with the worldly news because at some forums those were some of the issues discussed. In addition, discussion board increased my academic knowledge because one of the discussion boards I joined, the forum majored on important professional issues in computer and technology field. Thus as Sahu indicates discussion boards are forums meant to enrich learners with more academic skills in all type of fields (2008). Hence, increase of knowledge was part of the amazing experience I had in a discussion board. Therefore, technology is the simplest method used in converging different countries in different continents in single setting. For that reason, technology even became a more exciting field to me, the people of the online community are informative, and open minded hence challenged me to be with such values in the natural world. As a result, the informative, m ind blowing and problem solving sessions are some of the features will make me use the site again. â€Å"TeacherStream.† (2009). Mastering Online Discusion Board Facilitation. Resource Guide. Retrieved from http://www.edutopia.org/pdfs/stw/edutopia-onlinelearning-mastering-online-discussion-board-facilitation.pdf (2013 September). Discussion Boards. Centre for Academic Development. Retrieved from

Business Law and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business Law and Ethics - Essay Example The utilitarian ethics is also considered in this case. I would act in a manner that favors the greatest number of people. The stakeholder’s theory as well stockholder theory still will be analyzed. These are in matters of my duties and obligation to these parties. A rationale is laid down on the action to adopt which affects the biggest number of people. An analysis of the cost outlay and benefit is down in this case. Further I would assess what other people have done in such situations and look into my rights in law. In light to these, I would blow the whistle on the violations of the inspection protocols of Delectables. A great number of risk and benefits is involved here. The first risk is losing my job since it will entail exposing the organization’s bad conduct. The other risk would involve the loss to the company. The company stands at facing a major litigation that would lead to high consumer base loss. This in turn would case reduced turnover. On the contrary, there are benefits that stand in blowing the whistle. These entail the duty owed to the public. The social aspect of honouring and acting in due care is at the core of my decision making process. The risk of the contaminating salmonella is too high should the process of violation continue. The harm to the public could be damaging if this behaviour progresses. The factors that I would consider include: safety to the public at large, the environmental damage and further the cost benefit analysis. I would not sign the quality co ntrol form because the company is in violation of the ethical standards of safety. The root cause of contamination is the hygiene aspect. The protocols laid down have all been violated. The staff wears their uniform at home thereby placing a risk of carrying the bacteria to the production area, the storage of raw peanuts and the roasted peanuts risks contamination and further the

Cassatt, Mary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cassatt, Mary - Assignment Example tend the influence of their tutors to their styles in canvas, Cassatt’s style was notably different from the one used by Degas (National Art Gallery). According to the National Art Gallery, Degas also introduced Cassatt in the asymmetrical styles employed by Japanese artists and the use of bright colors. The use of bright colors according to Web Museum demonstrated a mood of gentleness that served to brighten by her constant use of the â€Å"golden lighting.† These aspects worked in harmony with the family and children which was the dominant theme in most of her works. Cassatt was always a quick learner who learnt the basics about a particular style in art and instead of reproducing the same pieces, she would always ensure that she employed her innovativeness to come up with impressive masterpieces. The best example is her portrayal of the techniques she learnt from Japanese art for instance asymmetry and wood block print. She was able to mould these techniques in such a way that they fit so perfectly within her own impressionsim themes. The paper looks at one of the works of Cassatt, â€Å"The Little Girl in Blue Armchair† (Figure 1) in order to relate it with its historical context, to establish the impact it had during the historical context, and the importance of the piece in contemporary art. The Context in which the Work was made. The painting of the Little Girl in Blue Armchair was done in 1878 and it painted in an oil canvas. The painting depicted the image of a little girl relaxingly sprawled in a chair. As outlined by National Art Gallery, the work demonstrated the keen observation of Cassatt in the way she managed to emphasize and display on an aspect that would otherwise be considered subtle and inconsequential. Cassatt manages to display the innocence of the little girl as she sits in the chair in a childlike manner. In a unique fashion of impressionism art Mary managed to use color, everyday life and light to demonstrate the beauty in an otherwise

Causes of Ww1 Essay Example for Free

Causes of Ww1 Essay * WW1 is known as the great war * There were preexisting tensions between France and Germany * 1 of the main causes of WW1 Nationalism, Nationalism is defined as the desire of people with similar cultures to have their own independent countries it is identified by intense devotion to one’s culture or nation. Do not confuse nationalism with patriotism. * Militarism, Militarism means the development of armed forces and using them as a tool of diplomacy * 1914 protest broke out in bosnia archduke franz Ferdinand was shot and killed * Alliances were another cause of WW1. Serbia went to Russia Austria went to Germany Russia ran to france then france went to Britain and the U.S was neutral * Germany used unrestricted submarine warfare the Lusitania was sunk by submarine over 1000 was killed, 128 americans were killed and the U.S became involved in WW1. * Germany tried to stop the U.S by sending a letter to Mexico to have a war with the U.S * April 2 1917 Congress declared war on Germany * 2 million American men lept on the continent confident fresh and ready to attack the german army November 11 1918 a cease fire was signed * Versailles treaty said nine new nations were established in Europe including Poland Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia * Germany was not aloud to have an army * Germany had to give Alsace and Lorraine back to france and pay them a huge amount of reperations money paid to repair war damage * The war guilt clause forced Germany to admit that WW1 was their fault and only their fault humiliating and angering the german people. * 22 million people were killed * The war cost the nations involed and estimated 338 billion * An entire generation of europian young men were dead or destroyed * An angry and humiliated Germany would start WW2 about 20 years later * The league of nations was started as a world police force it failed * With men gone woman took factory jobs In return for their contribution they would receive the right to vote in 1920 * America became the dominant industrial power of the world * Contributed to the movement of African Americans in the North the great migration * Intrnsified anti immigrant and anti communist sentiments among some americans * Newtechnology * Machine guns * Tanks * Gas warfare * Poison gas

Purposes Of Different Types Of Organisation Economics Essay

Purposes Of Different Types Of Organisation Economics Essay The sole trader is a business owned by one person who is self-employed and why may, in some cases, employ other people on a full or part time basis. Normally using personal funds to start business, the sole trader decides on the type of goods or services to be produced, where the business is to be located, what capital is required, what staff(if any) to employ, what the target market should be. In Britain about eighty per cent of all business is sole traders. The reason for this predominance is the relative ease with which an individual can establish a business this type. Examples include: builders, small shops, independent agents. Partnership is when two or more individuals establish a business which they own. The partners have unlimited personal liability both jointly and severally.   The liability of limited partners is limited to their investment in the partnership. Under the law, partnerships are limited to 20 or less partners. Partnership companies usually have written contracts between partners, but thats not necessary. This states the type of partnership it is, how much capital each party has contributed, and how profits and losses will be shared. The typical examples of partnerships are doctors, dentists and solicitors.  They can benefit from shared expertise, but like the sole trader, have unlimited liability. Limited companies are companies which are registered at Companies House- www.companieshouse.gov.uk. It is a legal entity or legal person with its own legal rights and obligations, separate and distinct from those of its members. All property, which is registered on company, belongs to company and is not treated as belonging to the companys shareholders and directors. The benefit of limited company is that is offers limited liability to its members. The company as a separate legal entity is liable for its debts and the members and directors are not personally liable unless they have acted wrongly in some way. There are two types of limited companies as public limited companies (PLCs) and private limited companies (Limited, LTD). The vast majority of trading companies are private companies limited by shares. Many private companies are very small. There is no minimum capital required for private company and its commonly less than 100 £. A private company may not offer shares to the public. For example it can be any shop, pub, construction company etc. PLC is company which  is appropriate for larger businesses where shares are intended to be available to the general public. A public company must have a minimum share capital of  £50,000, of which at least one-quarter plus any share premium must be paid up before the company can obtain its trading certificate from Companies House and start trading. This is the only type of company which may raise capital by offering shares to the public. For example its some supermarket chain, delivery company or airlines company. Consumer co-operative societies are organisations owned by consumers which aim is fulfilling needs and aspirations of their members. They operate in market system independently from the state as mutual aid, oriented to service rather than make a profit.  Consumers cooperatives often take the form of retail outlets owned and operated by their consumers, such as  food cooperatives, health care, insurance,  housing,  utilities  and personal finance. Workers co-operatives are organisations in which ownership and control of the assets are in the hands of the people who working in it. They have the objective of creating and maintaining sustainable jobs and generating wealth, to improve the quality of life of the worker-members, dignify human work, allow workers democratic self-management and promote community and local development. The main principles of the organisations are democracy, open membership, social responsibility, mutual co-operation and trust, help to differentiate co-operative from other forms of business organisations. Public corporations are legal entities created by government to undertake commercial activities behalf of an owner government. In the public sector the state owns assets in various forms, which it uses to provide a range of goods and services felt to be of benefit to its citizens. These state corporations an important part of the public sector of the economy and they are very significant to national output, employment and investment. These public corporations are hospitals, municipal water companies, rail services etc. Describe the extent to which an organisation meets the objectives of different. The main organisational objective of for-profit organisation is to make more profit. Aims and objectives establish where the business would like to be in the future, helping to control their plans, motivate staff and give everyone sense of direction. Any decision made within the organisation should be in line with their aims and objectives. The objectives are influence by various stakeholders, as well as the nature of the business. Different stakeholder groups will have different objectives to satisfy their interests. Objectives can be: corporate which affect the whole business, departmental objectives that are for a certain area of business and individual objectives are used in performance appraisal for employees. Employees- wage levels; working conditions; job security; personal development Managers- job security; status; personal power; organisational profitability; growth of the organisation Shareholders- market value of investment; dividends; security of investment; liquidity of investment Creditors- security of loan; interest of loan; liquidity of investment Suppliers- security of contract; regular payment; growth of organisation; market development Society- safe products; environmental sensitivity; equal opportunities; avoidance of discrimination Explain the responsibilities of an organisation and strategies employed to meet them. Every company, business, department has a duty and remit to provide a service. An organisation must operate within the boundaries of the law. Reputation and trust are everything, and a consumer cant have trust or faith in your ability to deliver if you cant prove and guarantee youre legitimacy. An organisation must also have strict financial control. Recruitment is vitally important. Organisations need reliable workers who have enthusiasm, but also intelligence; workers that are able to be creative but also to take advice and critique from management. Also organisations are responsible for health and safety of their employees. They need to provide safe working environment and equipment. Explain how economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively. There are three kinds of economic system which are basically adopted by the different countries. They are: free market, centrally planned, mixed market. Free market economic system: The intervention of government is kept at a minimum level or neglected in free market system and all the economics resources comes under the private sectors as well market. Price mechanism will determine how much of goods or services will be supplied according to the market demands. Most decisions are based on market mechanism. The supply, demand and ability play the vital role in market decision making. As per looking at the free market system it raises the various unsolved questions like who will produce the goods and services and infrastructures for the country to meet the needs of every public. For example UK. Centrally planned economy system: Centrally planned economic system refers that government allocates the economic resources; government makes all the planning regarding the economical activities. Private sectors are kept far away in involvement of any economical accumulation. These kinds of economics were found in the Asian, central Europe, Eastern Europe and Latin American nations but now these are found in Cuba, Iraq, Iran, North Korea etc. In these systems basically unemployment problems will not be faced since government plan all the economical activities and resources will be allocated based needs of its people and different industries inputs. Mixed economy system: This system is a mixture of all other systems. The system where both capitalism and socialism economic system are included it is known as mixed economic system. Mixed economic system splits the available economic resources available in the country to both private sectors and government. Private sectors are encouraged to get involved and participate in utilizing the resources which helps to gain economic profit for whole nation. Countries like USA, UK, Russia and China to countries like Cambodia, Peru and Vietnam has adopted this economic system. When one fails to meets the public desire other can get it and helps to maintain the economic balance not only in the particular country but also the whole nation. Assess the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on business organisations and their activities. Fiscal policy decisions have a widespread effect on the everyday decisions and behaviour of individual households and businesses. Basically fiscal policy means how government taxes us and how it spends the money. Increased taxation makes the price of goods and services more expensive, reducing demand for them and reducing employment. Lower taxes mean more disposable income for consumers and more cash for businesses to invest in jobs and equipment. Stimulus-spending programs, which are short term in nature and often involve infrastructure projects, can also help drive business demand by creating short term jobs. Increasing income or consumption taxes usually mean less disposable income, which, over time, can decelerate business activity. Monetary policy impact changes in short term interest rates influence long term interest rates, such as mortgage rates. Low interest rates mean lower interest expense for businesses and higher disposable income for consumers. This combination means higher business profits. Lower mortgage rates may spur more home buying activity, which is usually good for the construction industry. Lower rates also mean more refinancing of existing mortgages, which may also enable consumers to consider other purchases. High interest rates can have the opposite impact for businesses: higher interest expenses, lower sales and lower profits. Interest-rate changes can affect stock prices, which can impact consumer spending. Evaluate the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the activities of a selected organisation. Apple Inc. Apple Inc was founded on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne in U.S. California. They had produced and selling computers. Company was growing up very quick, because they were kind of pioneers in that industry. Apple Computer was predominantly a manufacturer of personal computers. Apple core product lines are: Macintosh computer line, iPod music player, iPhone and iPad. The company now is also known for its iOS product range that began with iPhone, iPod and iPad. They also have iTunes- online music store. Now Apple is the largest technology company in the world its stock market value is $500 billion. Revenue of 2011 was $127.8 billion in sales. Recently, European Commission accused Apple Inc. of violating European Competition rules in music industry. Apple Inc. uses iTunes to sell particular songs. iTunes services prevent its users in one Member State of the European Union to buy songs from another iTunes webpage, which is located in another Member State. E.g. if consumer lives in the Czech Republic and he wants to buy the particular song from Slovakian iTunes webpage, he is not allowed to do so. That means that the price of the song shall be charged according to the place where the consumer lives (cost of songs varies between the Member States). European Commission sent to the Apple Inc. so called statement of objections which accused the Apple Inc. of unfair agreements with record labels of containing territorial sales restrictions, which violates European Union competition rules. The Apple Inc. tried to defend itself that this policy was as the outcome of the demands of the music record industry. Moreover the music which is bought from iTunes obligate to use only the Apple iPod music player, because other portable music players, does not support songs bought from iTunes. iPod users in the United Kingdom have to pay more cash for the song if they want to buy it from the iTunes online store in the United Kingdom than other users in the Continental Europe. European Commission was investigating this issue and threatened Apple Inc. with the fine of GBP 330.000.000. Explain how market structures determine the pricing and output decisions of businesses. Market structure is number of firms producing identical product homogenous. Monopolistic competition where there is a large number of firms, each having a small proportion of the market share and slightly differentiated products. They take the prices of other competitors as given and ignore the impact of its own prices of other firms. The number of firms and output determines supply and demand. For example: Coke and Pepsi; toothpaste; shaving foams like Gillette and Dove. Oligopoly is when a small number of firms control the market. Then usually prices of products or services are high. Industries which are examples of oligopolies include: Steel industry, aluminium, film, television, cell phone, gas, electricity. Duopoly is a special case of an oligopoly where two companies compete in a market. Monopsony when there is one buyer faces with many sellers. Oligopsony, a market where many sellers can be present but meet only a few buyers. Monopoly, where there is only one provider of a product or service. For example it was Microsoft Company in U.S. Natural monopoly is when firm is a natural monopoly if it is able to serve the entire market demand at a lower cost than any combination of two or more smaller, more specialized firms. Perfect competition a theoretical market structure that features no barriers to entry, an unlimited number of producers and consumers, and a perfectly elastic demand curve. Illustrate the way in which market forces shape organisational responses using a range of examples. Supply and demand are the forces that make market economies work. They determine the quantity of each good produced and the price at which it is sold. A market is a group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service. The buyers as a group determine the demand for the product, and the sellers as a group determine the supply of the product. For example, if oil prices rises then price of delivery services rise and the price of the goods as well. When summer is end and tourist season is finished then prices of hotel rooms goes down. If grape harvest is bad one year then prices of wine will be higher in next year. Judge how the business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of a selected company. Apple Inc. The approach they working with and the secret of success, is based on simple, creative design and ease of using technology on daily bases. The success of Apple is embedded in Steve Jobs strength-based approach to company strategy. The pillars of Steve Jobs strategy are built upon a core of capabilities, the seizing of opportunities, and an organizational culture that enables the attainment of Apples goals. Steve Jobs was one of the companys master minds who had absolutely genial ideas, and he realized those ideas to change people lives. Before iPhone was released and smart phones come to our lives, the mobile phones became more complicated and difficult to use them. When the Apple released iPhone, it changes mobile phone market for ever. It was sensation, because it was absolutely different and completely new technology with touch screen and without many buttons as usually. Now the iPhone is part of many people lives and also fashion. iPhone becoming more popular in the world and the Apple now is 3rd larger mobile phone company in the world. Discuss the significance of international trade to UK business organisations. Some of the key commodities in which the UK trades are manufactured goods, beverages, fuels and chemicals. According to a World Trade Organization (WTO) report published in 2008, the UK has retained its position as the worlds largest commercial services exporter. Moreover, with the UK recording a profit of $263 billion in the commercial services sector, the country continues to be the worlds second largest provider of these services. UK trade consists of the movement of goods and services within the European Union, of which it is a member, and to non-EU countries. International trade in the UK is assisted by UK Trade Investment (UKTI). This government organization focuses on enhancing the competitiveness of UK companies through overseas trade and investments. It also aims at continuing to attract high-quality foreign direct investment (FDI). In order to attract foreign businesses and foreign investment, the British government has adopted a variety of programs. For instance, the Parliament allows local and regional governments to establish enterprise zones. In these zones, companies receive exemptions from property taxes and reimbursement for costs involved in the construction of new factories or business locations. There are also programs that provide incentives for companies to locate in economically depressed urban areas that are known as Assisted Areas. In 1998, the total value of these programs was US$315 million. There are 7 free trade zones in the United Kingdom (Birmingham, Humberside, Liverpool, Prestwick, Sheerness, Southampton, and Tilbury). These zones allow goods to be stored for shipment without tariffs or import duties. Analyse the impact of global factors on UK business organizations. International trade and the UK economy: UK businesses will see international trade growth accelerate from 2014 as the global economy ends a period of growth contraction, according to HSBC. There are fundamental changes taking place in world trade, UK exports to China and to India grew by 21% and 37% respectively in 2011 and HSBC estimates that it processed around one third of these by value. Market opportunities: Evaluating markets and future trends can be a major challenge for any business. New market opportunities spring from a range of possible sources and vary in their size, importance, and risk. New demographic or vertical industry segments New geographic regions Alternate offerings of service models, supplies, and other annuities World Trade Organisation (WTO) is the only international agency overseeing the rules of international trade. It polices free trade agreements, settles trade disputes between governments and organises trade negotiations. 4.3 Evaluate the impact of policies of the European Union on UK business organisations. The United Kingdom is a member of the European Union but isnt part of the single currency, the Euro. Free trade The EU is a trade bloc which means there are no quotas or tariffs for companies exporting goods and services within the EU. European legislation is meant to make it easier for UK businesses to trade across the EUs 27 states. The internal market the single market means UK citizens are free to move, live, study and trade anywhere within the EU.